Verkun verkunarháttur of sýklalyf

There are four main mechanisms for the bactericidal effect of antibiotics, nefnilega, inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, interaction with cell membrane, interference with protein synthesis, and inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription. [6]

Hömlun of sella veggur nýmyndun

The cell wall of bacteria is mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins and lipids, which have important functions of maintaining morphology and resisting osmotic pressure changes. [12] Therefore, inhibition of cell wall synthesis will lead to bacterial cell rupture and death; Mammalian cells have no cell wall, so they are not affected by these drugs. Þetta áhrif fer eftir á a prótein af the baktería frumu vegg, venjulega kallað penisillín binding prótein (PBP), Laktam sýklalyf dós bindi með þetta prótein til hamla the myndun af frumu veggur, so PBPs are also the target of such drugs. Antibacterial drugs acting in this way include penicillins and cephalosporins, but frequent use will lead to enhanced drug resistance of bacteria. [6]

Víxlverkun við frumu himna

Sumir sýklalyf milliverk við the fruman himna til áhrif the gegndræpi af the himna, orsök the leki af salt jónir, prótein, kjarni sýrur, amínó sýrur og önnur mikilvæg efni in the bakteríur, sem hefur a banvæn áhrif on frumur. Hins vegar, there eru sum líkindi milli the basic structure of baktería cell membrane and that of human cell membrane, so this kind of anti anti toxicity to human verur. Sýklalyf virkni in þetta leið eru polymyxin og brevibacterium. [6]

Truflun með prótein nýmyndun

Truflun með prótein nýmyndun means að ensím nauðsynlegt fyrir frumu lifun cannot be synthesized. Sýklalyf acting in this manner include fomycin (actinomycins), aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol. The protein is synthesized on the ribosome, which comists of 50S and 30S subunits. Among them, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines act on the 30S subunit, while chloramphenicol, macrolides and lincomycin mainly act on the 50S subunit, inhibiting the initiation, peptíð chain extension and termination of protein synthesis. [6]